Fractional statistics of quasiparticle excitations often plays an important role in the detection and characterization of topological systems.In this paper, we investigate the case of a three-dimensional (3D) Z_{2} gauge theory, where the excitations take the form of bosonic spinon quasiparticle and vison flux tubes, with mutual semionic statistics
The removal of two large dams on the Elwha River was completed in 2014 with a goal of restoring anadromous salmonid populations.Using observations from ongoing field studies, we compiled a timeline of migratory fish passage upstream of each dam.We also used spatially continuous snorkeling surveys in consecutive years before (2007, 2008) and after (
Objectives/Goals: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (IO) have dramatically improved survival outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma.Still, many patients do not respond these treatments, and others may experience harmful adverse events (irAEs).Thus, there an unmet need for biomarkers for real-time monitoring and management of patients exposed to I
This text addresses the question of how to translate abductive hypothesis in a teaching strategy for classroom research.Its understanding and interpretation is based on methodological procedures of the Peircean speech applied in education and literature, and of the logic of scientific reasoning based on abduction, deduction and induction.A teaching
Selection for more feed efficient dairy cows is key to improving sustainability and profitability of dairy production; however, underlying mechanisms contributing to individual animal feed efficiency are not fully understood.The objective of this study was to identify circulating metabolites, and pathways associated with those metabolites, that dif